Computer modeling of protein-ligand interactions is one of the most important phases in a drug design process. Part of the process involves the optimization of highly multi-modal objective (scoring) functions. This research presents the Minimum Population Search heuristic as an alternative for...

This paper applies the relatively new method of latent class transition analysis to explore the notion that qualitative differences in travel behavior patterns are substantively meaningful and therefore relevant from explanatory point of view. For example, because the bicycle may function as an...

Logarithmic spirals are abundantly observed in nature. Gastropods (such as nautilus, cowie, grove snail, thatcher, etc.) in the mollusca phylum have spiral shells, mostly exhibiting logarithmic spirals vividly. Spider webs show a similar pattern. The low-pressure area over Iceland and the...