Europe will not turn into a federal state. As a consequence citizenship in Europe will remain nationally based. Due to the joint commitment of European Union member states to the freedoms of a common market, national citizenship regimes have become accountable to supranational rules, obliging...

Abstract: The fundamental freedoms of the EC Treaty prohibit tax discrimination—harsher tax treatment of cross-border economic activities than purely internal activities. Critics of the ECJ argue that the Court’s broad interpretation of the EC freedoms causes it to find tax discrimination...

Abstract: Among the few basic legal instruments employed in international economic law for the promotion of trade and investment, the National Treatment (NT) principle and the reasonableness principle constitute the two predominant ones. While both norms deal principally with national measures...