We investigate the relationship between remittances inflow and economic growth in a sample of 65 emerging countries over the period 1988-2018 using the semi-parametric panel data model with fixed effects as proposed by Baltagi and Li (2002). Our empirical results show that the effect of...

We investigate the relationship between remittances inflow and economic growth in a sample of 65 emerging countries over the period 1988-2018 using the semi-parametric panel data model with fixed effects as proposed by Baltagi and Li (2002). Our empirical results show that the effect of...

Our paper presents the first attempt to examine the non-linear relationship between the trade value of environmental commodities (TVEC) and energy security (ESP). Seven indicators are used in this article to illustrate four aspects of energy security, namely availability, acceptability,...

Our paper is the first attempt to examine the non-linear relationship between global value chains (GVC) participation and energy security performance (ESP). This article utilizes seven indicators to reflect four aspects of energy security, including availability, acceptability, develop-ability,...

In economies with fixed exchange rates, the adjustment to government spending shocks is asymmetric. A fiscal expansion appreciates the real exchange rate but does not stimulate output. A fiscal contraction does not alter the exchange rate, but lowers output. We develop these insights in a...

In economies with fixed exchange rates, the adjustment to government spending shocks is asymmetric. A fiscal expansion appreciates the real exchange rate but does not stimulate output. A fiscal contraction does not alter the exchange rate, but lowers output. We develop these insights in a...

Lending standards are a direct measure of credit conditions. We use the micro data merged from three separate sources to construct this measure and document that an uncertain macroeconomic outlook, rather than banks' balance sheet positions, was an important reason that a majority of banks...