This paper presents a new nested production function that is specifically designed for analyzing capital and labor intensity of manufacturing industries in developing and developed regions. The paper provides a rigorous theoretical foundation for this production function. The analysis shows that...

This paper performs a nonlinear estimation of a normalized CES production function within a system of equations with a panel of Spanish regions for the period 1964-2013. It obtains an elasticity of substitution below one and identifies different rates of factor-augmenting technical progress. The...

This study proposes a novel production function of digital empowerment. It constructs a theoretical framework to analyze the digital enabling process for enterprises from the production factor and economic activity aspects. It uses data mining technology to measure the degree of digitalization,...

Using the capital asset pricing model, this article critically assesses the relative importance of computing 'realized' betas from high-frequency returns for Bitcoin and Ethereum-the two major cryptocurrencies-against their classic counterparts using the 1-day and 5-day return-based betas. The...