This paper studies the importance of different pieces of limit order book information in characterizing order aggressiveness and the timing of trades, order submissions and cancellations. Using limit order book information on a representative sample of Spanish stocks, we evidence that most of...

This paper estimates a new measure of liquidity costs in a market driven by orders. It represents thecost of simultaneously buying and selling a given amount of shares, and it is given by a single measure of ex-ante liquidity that aggregates all available information in the limit order book for...