The paper aim is to verify industry sensitivity to changes in production volumes (sales). Sensitivity confirmation is not based on the data describing economic downturn but on permanent internal industry factors. Internal factors take into consideration cost dependency on changes in output...

One of the purposes of our paper is to provide a comprehensive survey of the operational risk, in order to understand the behaviour of costs and the impact of their structure on company's profits. In order to achieve the targeted profits or to analyze the operational risk, managers can use the...

A very dynamic development of finance in the last 50 years is inter alia probably due to experiments and innovations in this field. Previously, theoretical base could not explain and predict movements especially in volatile times. The new finance appeared 50 years ago (portfolio theory, CAPM,...