examination of the strength of evidence against H0, summarized in the P-value calculated from the distribution of the test … statistic under H0. A small P-value is taken to represent strong evidence against H0, but it need not necessarily indicate … both H0 and H1 in which the classical P-value is supplemented by the P-value derived under H1. The alternative P-value is …

and found to be caused, at least in part, by the fact that the number of subsampling statistics used to compute the P … value depends on the sample size and the length of the break period. Simulations show that kernel smoothed P values provide …

distribution under the null hypothesis that can be easily approximated by a p-value transformation method. This method has a good …

generalized confidence interval and generalized p value, and derive approaches when the shape parameters are equal or unequal …

derivation of the corresponding Student distribution function; the observed value of the distribution function is the observed p-value … distribution function is determined, exactly or approximately; and the observed value of the distribution function is the p-value … distribution function is the p-value and is available numerically by direct calculation or by Markov chain Monte Carlo or by other …

derivation of the corresponding Student distribution function; the observed value of the distribution function is the observed p-value … distribution function is determined, exactly or approximately; and the observed value of the distribution function is the p-value … distribution function is the p-value and is available numerically by direct calculation or by Markov chain Monte Carlo or by other …