This study examines the relationship between the circular economy and economic development in 14 EU countries for the period 2000-2020. Compared to previous work, we emphasize the importance of taking into account cross‑dependencies and heterogeneity between the countries making up the Panel....

The issue of security and safety i s a fundamental condition for stable economic trends. Military expenditure can be a very powerful tool for a rapid economic growth. The paper examines the long-run relationship between military expenditure and economic growth in the selected Balkan countries,...

The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of energy consumption economic growth and especially trade openness on CO2 emissions. In this frame, determiners of the CO2 emissions are questioned by panel data cointegration analysis. In the scope of this study, 85 countries’data are...

In this study; it is investigated that gross domestic product (GDP), foreign direct investment (FDI) and aggregate credits (CR) relationship of seven developing countries over the period of 1982-2010. Firstly, CDLM tests were applied to detect the cross-sectional dependency. Then, SURADF and...