In this paper, I study the effect of parallel trade (cross border resale of goods without the authorization of the … via reimbursement limits.Parallel trade may relax regulation in the source country of parallel imports (South) and … intensify regulation in the destination country (North): In the source country, parallel trade may relax regulation both under a …

I study the effect of reference pricing on competition by parallel imports, in particular the market share of parallel … imports and the number of parallel traders. First, I analyze the effect of reference pricing on competition by parallel … imports in a vertical differentiation model with a locally sourced version and a parallel import offered by n identical …

pharmaceuticals on competition by parallel imports. First, I analyze the effect of a manufacturer rebate on competition by parallel … imports in a two-country model. An increase in the manufacturer rebate increases the market share of parallel imports. Second … data set with prescription drugs with competition from parallel imports, I estimate the effect of the change in the …

The impact of parallel trade on innovation in R&D-intensive industries, such as pharmaceuticals, is a hotly debated … question in antitrust and IP policy. The well known argument that parallel trade dampens innovation by undermining firms …, parallel trade increases innovation by reducing governments' incentives to set particularly low price caps. In this paper, we …

flexibilities like transition period, parallel importation and compulsory licensing to leverage the IP system to further public …

Background: The aim was: i) to quantify the direct and indirect savings from parallel imports in Sweden during a period … parallel imports on list prices became smaller in absolute size when sellers were allowed to give discounts to pharmacies …, parallel imports had a market share of 16% and were on average 9% cheaper than locally sourced drugs, which yielded a direct …