rise to parallel trade (PT), a phenomenon that takes place when a patented product is diverted from the official … distribution chain of one country to another parallel one where it competes with the official distribution chain. We argue that … parallel trade of heavily regulated medicines rather than a traditional source of arbitrage (e.g., price and income differences …

Scholars and courts have long debated whether and when "parallel pricing" — adoption of the same price by every firm in … of "parallel exclusion" — conduct, engaged in by multiple firms, that blocks or slows would-be market entrants. Parallel … exclusion merits greater attention, for it can be far more harmful than parallel price elevation. Setting a high price leaves …

This paper studies the effects of price regulation and parallel imports in the on-patent pharmaceutical market. In a … that the effects of stricter price regulation crucially depend on whether the producer faces competition from parallel … imports. While parallel imports improve the bargaining position of the distributor, price regulation counteracts this effect …

property rights) and country specific health care regulations (e.g., medicines pricing). This gives rise to parallel trade (PT … another parallel one where it competes with the official distribution chain. We argue that parallel trade of heavily regulated … both origin and destination flows of parallel imported medicines to the Netherlands, for one therapeutic group (statins …

the prior order compatibility relationships. We present a parallel computation framework that envelops column generation … show that the proposed parallel computation yields a significant improvement in the run time performance. Additionally, we …