This paper presents an investigation into a random walk on a cycle graph with restricted forward movement at most $m$ steps, known as the forward jump random walk. The study derives precise formulas for the probability mass function of the arriving state, the hitting time, and its expected value...

Portfolio optimization is a pertinent topic of significant importance in the financial literature. During the portfolio construction, an investor confronts two important steps: portfolio selection and portfolio allocation. This article seeks to investigate portfolio optimization based on the...

This study proposes a logical Petri net model to leverage the modeling advantages of Petri nets in handling batch processing and uncertainty in value passing and to integrate relevant game elements from multi-agent game processes for modeling multi-agent decision problems and resolving...

This study focuses on forming planar subgraphs in fuzzy graphs where the planarity value is not equal to 1. The paper commences by introducing the concepts of vertex-deletion (VD) and edge-deletion (ED) operations applied to fuzzy graphs. These operations aim to derive the fuzzy planar subgraphs...