In this paper, we propose a simple methodology for investigating how shocks to trend and cycle are correlated in unidentified unobserved components models, in which the correlation is not identified. The proposed methodology is applied to U.S. and U.K. real GDP data. We find that the correlation...

Under the setting that stochastic discount factors (SDFs) jointly price a vector of returns, this paper features entropy-based restrictions on SDFs, and its correlated multiplicative components, to evaluate asset pricing models. Specifically, our entropy bound on the square of the SDFs is...