This policy brief examines the strategic importance of the South Caucasus and its pivotal role in the European Union's evolving engagement with Central Asia. The regional landscape, however, remains highly volatile. Russia's aggression in Ukraine has had direct and indirect repercussions for the...

Taking their fate into their own hands, EU heads of state and government endorsed the Strategic Compass on 24 March 2022, a roadmap for becoming a stronger security and defence actor. The shared threat assessment, a first in the history of the EU, is a positive development. Rewritten over the...

Sanctions imposed by the European Union (EU) against Russia following Russia's 2022 invasion of Ukraine brought about an unprecedented emphasis on sanctions implementation and enforcement, which - in contrast to decision-making - have traditionally relied on a decentralised system. This has...

Introduction : the European Union, decarbonisation and foreign policy -- Nigeria : addressing fragility away from oil? -- Indonesia : building a partnership beyond fossil fuels and palm oil -- Azerbaijan : partnership potential beyond gas? -- Colombia : the double challenge of internal...

The aim of this research paper is to review the recent emergence on the European scene of the concept of open strategic autonomy and the consequences it may have for EU action. Originally stemming from the language of the common foreign and security policy (CFSP) and the common security and...

With Joe Biden’s victory, there is at least a four-year window to revive ‘an alliance of democracies’, face up to authoritarian powers and closed economies that exploit the openness on which American and European societies are built, and shape those parts of multilateralism that serve...