for heating pipeline to transport a heavy crude oil (viscosity of 62,745 cSt a 15.6 °C, and 11.78° API gravity). The … selected pipeline has a length of 62.7 km and transports 5,000 BPD of heavy crude oil. With the calculated temperature drop (4 …

will be offset by tree planting, energy saving and emission reduction. The optimization of pipeline energy consumption is … also associated with it. In recent years, the transportation mode of the QT oil pipeline has changed from normal … heating furnaces and pumps. In order to reduce energy consumption and find a suitable pipeline operation plan, this article …

and regulatory frameworks for the regional pipeline project together with the issues of multiple jurisdictions require … legal sustainability of the West African Gas Pipeline Project …