Credible Granger-causality analysis appears to require post-sample inference, as it is well-known that in-sample fit … can be a poor guide to actual forecasting effectiveness. However, post-sample model testing requires an often …/estimation - and a "post-sample" period, purportedly utilized (only at the end of the analysis) for model validation/testing purposes …

Credible Granger-causality analysis appears to require post-sample inference, as it is well-known that in-sample fit … can be a poor guide to actual forecasting effectiveness. However, post-sample model testing requires an often …/estimation - and a "post-sample" period, purportedly utilized (only at the end of the analysis) for model validation/testing purposes …

Credible Granger-causality analysis appears to require post-sample inference, as it is well-known that in-sample fit … can be a poor guide to actual forecasting effectiveness. However, post-sample model testing requires an often …/estimation – and a “post-sample” period, purportedly utilized (only at the end of the analysis) for model validation/testing purposes …

Credible Granger-causality analysis appears to require post-sample inference, as it is well-known that in-sample fit … can be a poor guide to actual forecasting effectiveness. But post-sample model testing requires an often-consequential a …/estimation - and a 'post-sample' period, purportedly utilized (only at the end of the analysis) for model validation/testing purposes …