Klein, Daniel; Ludwig, Christopher; Nicolay, Katharina; … - 2021
and evaluate base erosion and profit shifting (BEPS) activity over time. In this study, we revisit three selected …. Third, the replication of Indicator 5, which intends to capture profit shifting through intangibles, shows a stable trend of … comes at the price of making them vulnerable to a number of confounding factors and economic effects that go beyond profit …