This 2005 Article IV Consultation highlights that over the last 12 months, the Afghan authorities have made further progress in rebuilding institutions and stabilizing the economy. In a challenging environment, dominated by the difficult security situation and parliamentary elections, the...

This paper focuses on Afghanistan’s 2004 Article IV Consultation and Second Review Under the Staff-Monitored Program. The authorities have made further progress in rebuilding institutions and implementing sound economic policies. They have maintained their commitment to fiscal discipline....

This paper assesses Afghanistan’s Third Review Under the Staff-Monitored Program (SMP) and Request for an Extension. Performance during the third quarter of the SMP was strong, particularly considering that the October 2004 presidential elections and the ensuing formation of a new...

This Selected Issues paper and Statistical Appendix presents a debt sustainability analysis for Afghanistan. The analysis is based on a simple spreadsheet model that calculates indicators of sustainability in terms of ratios of the net present value (NPV) of debt and debt service to relevant...

At the height of the recession in the early 1980Õs, a multitude of state and locally sponsored housing finance agency programs were legislatively introduced in response to populist pressure. Many of these controversial programs utilized lower cost municipal bonds to subsidize private sector...