Agricultural commodity futures markets have experienced dramatic price swings since 2007 as compared to previous periods. Applied economic research has not reached a consensus as to whether market fundamentals or speculative participation has been the cause of the increased volatility. Policy...

In the first section we recall Bak Sneppen model and its evolutions. In this paper we wish to present some simplified cases in which explicit computations via Markov chains are possible, hence reaching a better understanding of some rather hidden phenomena of the general case: in particular...

The Estimates of National Expenditure in South Africa were analysed over a five-year period to determine the extent and nature of budget variation at national level. These estimates are of importance to managers in the public service and to theoreticians in Public Administration and related...