transition from Malthusian stagnation to modern economic growth. This paper contributes to the literature on the child quantity–quality … trade-off with new county-level evidence for Prussia in 1816, several decades before the demographic transition. We find a …

, there is a different kind of quantity-quality trade-off. The income effect on fertility is positive if quantity is a closer …

, there is a different kind of quantity quality trade off. The income effect on fertility is positive if quantity is a closer …

, there is a different kind of quantity-quality trade-off. The income effect on fertility is positive if quantity is a closer …

own care, a quantity-quality trade-off, different from that of Becker and Lewis (1973), arises. The income effect on …

, there is a different kind of quantity–quality trade–off. The income effect on fertility is positive if quantity is a closer …