Bank profitability is not easily observable and measurable, except in the long term and ex post. But bank management, especially after the crisis, must be monitored also in the short term, and therefore profitability requires indicators for a continuous and proactive measurement. Beyond the most...

The evolution of retail payments, stimulated by the new European regulation, by competition and innovation, leads banks to increase the attention on payments business. Payments profitability, at the national level and in an analysis of the two largest banking groups, represents an important and...