This paper examines optimal monetary policy rules in open economies with vertical production and trade in which we emphasize the role played by reference currency. As evidenced by empirical ï¬ndings, we assume ï¬nal goods prices are sticky, but intermediate goods prices are flexible. We...

This paper revisits Devereux et al. (J Int Econ 71:113–132 <CitationRef CitationID="CR17">2007</CitationRef>) which studies trade and macroeconomic behaviour in a two-country model under a reference currency such as the dollar in US-China trade. The home country (e.g. the US) sets its export prices in dollars and so does the foreign...</citationref>