-compliance with U.S. product standards, using a new database on U.S. import refusals from 2002 to 2014. We find that import refusals … decrease exports to the United States. This trade reducing effect is driven by developing countries and by refusals without any …

-compliance with U.S. product standards, using a new database on U.S. import refusals from 2002 to 2014. We find that import refusals … decrease exports to the United States. This trade reducing effect is driven by developing countries and by refusals without any …

investigates potential factors triggering FDA's import refusals within the three categories of food, drugs, and cosmetics during … effects among exporting countries. Number of refusals and ratio of refusals to import value are used as the dependent variable … 2010 and historical compliance all have a significant influence on refusals. Determination of spillover effects indicates …

standards, using a new database on U.S. import refusals from 2002 to 2012. We find that import refusals significantly decrease … exports to the United States. This trade reducing effect is driven by developing countries and by refusals without any product …

standards, using a new database on U.S. import refusals from 2002 to 2012. We find that import refusals significantly decrease … exports to the United States. This trade reducing effect is driven by developing countries and by refusals without any product …