In the classical regression model with fixed regressors the statistic S^2 , i.e. the sum of squared residuals (SSR) divided by the number of degrees of freedom, is an unbiased estimator of the variance of the disturbances. If the model is dynamic and contains lagged-dependent explanatory...

Across countries we observe very different institutional arrangements and very different levels of fiscal centralization. The recent years have witnessed strong movements for both decentralization and secession. At the same time, a divided country has reunified (Germany), large free trade zones...