Arslanalp, Serkan; Eichengreen, Barry; Simpson-Bell, Chima - 2023
in total reserves by at least 5 percentage points over the last two decades. In contrast to the diversification of … foreign currency reserves, which has been undertaken by advanced and developing country central banks alike, active … central bank reserves held in the form of gold. There is some evidence that multilateral sanctions imposed by these, and other …