. The literature on economic income disribution has largely debated the issue of which is the best indicator of individual welfare: income or consumption. The implications of the choice are not only a matter for theoretical discussion but are clearly very relevant when undertaking any empirical...

Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) evaluates the relative efficiency of decision-making units (DMUs) but does not allow for a ranking of the efficient units themselves. A modified version of DEA based upon comparison of efficient DMUs relative to a reference technology spanned by all other units is...