Ant colony system is a well known metaheuristic framework, and many efficient algorithms for different combinatorial optimization problems have been derived from this general framework. In this paper some directions for improving the original framework when a strong local search routine is...

This paper deals with irreducible augmentation vectors associated with three combinatorial optimization problems: the TSP, the ATSP, and the SOP. We study families of irreducible vectors of exponential size, derived from alternating cycles, where optimizing a linear function over each of these...

This paper deals with irreducible augmentation vectors associated with three combinatorial optimization problems: the TSP, the ATSP, and the SOP. We study families of irreducible vectors of exponential size, derived from alternating cycles, where optimizing a linear function over each of these...