The borders of the EU are open for the movement of resources but still there can be some strong negative effects of international borders on productivity and knowledge spillovers compared to the internal regional borders. These negative effects could be due to language barriers, cultural...

The purpose of this paper is to examine the strength of the relationship between unemployment and GDP, the extent to which this relationship has been stable in Virginia metropolitan statistical areas (MSA) during the Great Recession and to examine the importance of regional spillovers in...

The main objective of this study is to evaluate the spatial volatility of trade based on the Spatial Panel data Econometric Method and Wavelet Smoothing. The negative spatial dependents are estimated. So that, an increase by one percent in trade volatility and unknown volatility in neighboring...