We apply the iterative algorithm by Merrill and Adams (Political Analysis 9:347–361, <CitationRef CitationID="CR37">2001</CitationRef>) to compute the optimal positions of vote-maximizing parties along a one-dimensional space for a large number of elections. This allows us to systematically evaluate factors that push parties toward more...</citationref>

Three phases may be distinguished in the reflection concerning space and territory. 1- From the beginning of the nineteenth century to the interwar period, this field was explored by three disciplines, spatial economic theory, international trade theory and economic geography (first style)....

Abstract Voters who participate in elections to the European Parliament tend to use these elections to punish their domestic governing parties. Many students of the EU therefore claim that the party-political composition of the Parliament should systematically differ from that of the Council....

The co-decision procedure has had significant implications for the interaction between the EU institutions and has attracted the attention of a series of formal, rational choice institutionalists. However, these have mostly dealt with the Commission in a relatively superficial way and their...