The modeling of dependencies lies at the heart of statistics and data science, but there remain some profound questions: how statistical inference in probabilistic terms is linked with causality; what modern causality models offer that is substantially different from the traditional dependency...

The problem of estimating expectations of functions of conditional expectations using nested Monte Carlo simulation is studied. It is shown that typically the bias arising from non-linearity is in leading order inversely proportional to the number of sub-simulation paths when using a naive...

This paper aims to present the abridged guidelines for the usage of various measurement scales in social research. Selection of measurement scales play a pivotal role in social science research and most of statistical techniques and tests require a specific measurement scales to be employed in...

This edition of Monetary and Financial Statistics Manual and Compilation Guide (Manual) updates and merges into one volume methodological and practical aspects of the compilation process of monetary statistics. The Manual is aimed at compilers and users of monetary data, offering guidance for...

Statistics can answer many questions. Is society heading in the direction promised by politicians? Is unemployment up or down? Are CO2 emissions higher than 10 years ago? How many women are in work? How is your country's economy performing compared with other EU Member States? Eurostat provides...

This year's report focuses on the importance of good governance to maintain and increase trust in official statistics, accessing administrative and privately-held data, and the practical challenges of coordinating national statistical systems (NSSs). It further reviews how well Eurostat and...

The purpose of this publication is to provide the compilers and users of European statistics on international trade in goods with sound information on the nomenclature used to classify the reporting and partner countries. Besides including the latest version of the nomenclature of countries and...

The purpose of this publication is to provide the compilers and users of European statistics on international trade in goods with sound information on the nomenclature used to classify the reporting and partner countries. Besides including the latest version of the nomenclature of countries and...

Eurostat deals with a great variety of legal concepts and criminal justice systems among European countries in its annual data collection on crime and criminal justice. A common classification of offences will strengthen comparability and consistency of crime and criminal justice data and...