In the nonparametric data envelopment analysis literature, scale elasticity is evaluated in two alternative ways: using either the technical efficiency model or the cost efficiency model. This evaluation becomes problematic in several situations, for example (a) when input proportions change in...

The latest regulatory framework, which has been introduced globally in the form of Basel III, and its implementation in the legislation of the member states of the European Union has generated much interest in the impact of regulation on the efficiency and profitability of banks. This study aims...

As we enter the digital era, the digital economy provides an opportunity for China’s manufacturing industry to achieve ‘smart manufacturing’ and provides important support for China to move from a ‘big manufacturing country’ to a ‘strong manufacturing country’. This paper...