This is the first paper in a series of two that synthesizes, compares, and extends methods for causal inference with longitudinal panel data in a structural equation modeling (SEM) framework. Starting with a cross-lagged approach, this paper builds a general cross-lagged panel model (GCLM) with...

This particular study is regarded to the static trade off theory, pecking order theory, signaling theory and agency theory, life stage theory, transaction cost economics theory, market timing theory. This paper also estimates the results by an interactive structural equation modeling, depends on...