This paper analyzes the Judgement rendered on July 15 2021 by the European Court of Justice in Case 911/19 - Fédération Bancaire Française v. Autorité de contrôle prudentiel et de résolution. The Judgment is of paramount importance: it has, indeed, the potential to affect apparently...

Liechtenstein has a GDP of US$5.2 billion, of which 40 percent comes from industry and 30 percent from financial services. Currently, 15 banks operate in Liechtenstein (one additional bank is in the process of being wound down without loss to the depositors). The market is highly concentrated...

This paper discusses key findings of the Detailed Assessment of Basel Core Principles for Effective Banking Supervision on Austria. Since the outbreak of the financial crisis, some Austrian credit institutions had to be nationalized as an ad hoc measure to prevent contagion effects and to...

This paper discusses findings of the Report on Observance of Standards and Codes on Singapore. The Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) shows a very high level of compliance with the Basel Core Principles and demonstrates a strong commitment by MAS to their implementation. As a large financial...

This paper discusses key findings of the Detailed Assessment of Compliance on the Basel Core Principles for Effective Banking Supervision on Singapore. The assessment of the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) represents a very high level of compliance with the Basel Core Principles for...

A detailed assessment report on the observance of China’s compliance of Basel Core Principles for effective banking supervision is presented. Regulation and supervision of China’s banking system has made impressive progress in the past few years, led by an activist, forward-looking...

This paper presents key findings of the Financial Sector Assessment Program for Indonesia. The program covers Bank Indonesia’s real-time gross settlement (BI-RTGS) system’s observance of the Committee on Payment and Settlement Systems (CPSS) core principles for systemically...

The Netherlands has a long-standing legal framework concerning Anti-Money Laundering and Combating the Financing of Terrorism preventive measures, which dates back to 1993. The legal framework for Customer Due Diligence is generally adequate; however, a number of provisions are problematic. The...

Afghanistan is one of the poorest countries in the world and, after decades of ongoing conflicts and strife, it is still at an early stage of developing its legal and institutional framework. Measures have been taken to fight crime, including financial crime. Smuggling and fraud are other major...