Background: Urban rail transit ensures efficient mobility in densely populated metropolitan areas. This study focuses on the Cairo Metro Network and addresses the Rolling Stock Rotation Planning Problem (RSRPP), aiming to improve operational efficiency and service quality. Methods: A...

Background: The increasing integration of automated transport drones into logistics networks presents transformative potential for addressing contemporary logistics challenges, particularly in last-mile delivery, healthcare, disaster response, urban mobility, and postal services. However, their...

Background: Disruptions in freight transportation-such as service delays, infrastructure failures, and labor strikes-pose significant challenges to the reliability and efficiency of intermodal networks. To address these challenges, this study introduces Adaptive Intermodal Transportation (AIT),...