This paper addresses freight consolidation in rail transportation planning. Multiple demand destinations are served in a single trip to utilise the volume discount on freight rate. An efficient mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) based modelling framework is proposed to optimally allocate...

This study presents a supply chain model for optimizing milk collection routing in multi-depot networks. The problem consists of a fleet of vehicles that leaves their depots (i.e., typically the driver's houses), visits an assigned set of farms to collect the raw milk, and delivers it to the...

Background: The growth of parcel volumes in urban areas, largely driven by e-commerce, has increased the complexity of pickup and delivery operations. To meet demands for cost efficiency, flexibility, and sustainability, CEP (Courier, Express, and Parcel) operators increasingly outsource...

Background: The Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows (VRPTW) has been extensively researched due to its applicability across various real-world domains, including logistics, healthcare, and distribution systems. With the global elderly population projected to continue increasing, the demand...