This thesis examines the impact of institutions, especially the financial institutions, on international trade and foreign direct investments. The first four chapters study the financial institutions and their impact on trade and international specialization. Specifically, the first chapter...

Ce papier constitue le septième chapitre de l'Histoire du marché financier français au 19 ème siècle (à paraître en janvier 2007, publications de la Sorbonne). Dans ce chapitre, nous étudions les transformations profondes qui touchent le système bancaire au milieu du 19 ème siècle et...

This paper is the eleventh chapter of a book forthcoming in January 2007 under the title Histoire du marché financier français au 19 ème siècle (a history of the French capital market in the 19th century). He discusses the macroeconomics of the great depression of the late 19th century from...

This paper surveys the theoretical and empirical relationship between economic growth and financial systems. Firstly, the existence of financial systems has a positive effect on growth because it increases the insurance against the illiquidity of real investment, the diversification of...