Rules of origin are those laws and regulations that are applied to determine the country of origin of goods. Upon the importation of a product, each country applies its own rules of origin to determine the origin of the product. Such origin rules are known as “non-preferential rules of...

The number of bilateral and multilateral trade agreements has surged in recent years. In order to benefit from preferential tariff rates,firms must apply and comply with rules of origin requirements. This is costly and explains why preference utilization rates (PUR) are far below 100 percent. In...