Technological change has historically widened or preserved gender gaps in labor market outcomes in favor of men. The World Bank’s Digital Transformation and Its Role in Expanding Women’s Economic Opportunities in Iraq, Jordan, and Lebanon provided a comprehensive diagnostic of the digital...

This report presents the findings from the first of two activities conducted under the World Bank’s Advisory Services and Analytics project, with the primary aim of gaining insights into the increasing threats posed by wildfire outbreaks to both forests and local communities in Thailand. This...

Digital transformation is a key driver of economic and social progress, and assessing its evolution is essential for guiding public policies. In the European Union (EU), until 2022 the European Commission published the quantitative values of the Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI); however,...

Generative AI is reshaping what artificial intelligence can do in the workplace, calling into question pre-GenAI assessments of which workers and tasks are most exposed. In this paper we trace the evolution of AI exposure in the European labour market from 2008 to 2024 by linking 352 AI...

China's economy has shifted from high-speed development to high-quality development as the marginal benefits of the traditional growth model decline. This study explores how new quality productive forces (NQPFs) drive industrial structure upgrading via factor endowment upgrading and factor...

Die Dekarbonisierung der deutschen Industrie erfordert grundlegende Veränderungen der Produktionsprozesse. Viele der dafür benötigten Technologien sind bislang jedoch noch nicht im industriellen Maßstab erprobt und mit erheblichen technologischen, infrastrukturellen und marktbezogenen...

We quantify the contribution of firm-level technological change to skill demand and aggregate inequality in the presence of imperfect competition in the labor market. We show that skill-biased technological change increases both the firm-level skill ratio and the skill premium, while other...

This paper combines international evidence from worker and firm surveys conducted in 2025 and 2026 to document large gaps in AI adoption, both between the US and Europe and across European countries. Cross-country differences in worker demographics and firm composition account for an important...

This paper examines how proposed U.S. restrictions on international students would affect the nation's STEM workforce and long-run economic growth. Focusing on the most common pipeline from U.S. universities to the labor market, we show that international education is the principal mechanism by...

Using two waves of nationally representative Danish firm surveys linked to employer- employee administrative registers, we study how adoption varies across artificial intelligence (AI) and related advanced technologies. We show that AI adoption is highly technologyspecific. While firm size and...