Despite the benefits of historical thinking pedagogy, many teachers continue to require students to read textbooks. Contained within textbook narratives are particular types of implied causation, asyndetic constructions, which may limit students’ abilities to fully comprehend certain textbook...

1. Introduction to ranking models -- 2. Data visualization and data summary -- 3. Statistical methods -- 4. Predictive modeling versus regression -- 5. The Charleston Comorbidity Index -- 6. The all patient refined diagnosis related group -- 7. Risk adjustment based upon resource utilization --...