It is generally argued that when an economy opens up, it is exposed to external risk and therefore, more government expenditure is demanded to compensate that risk and the increasing level of economic inequalities associated with openness. On the other hand, there is an opposite view which says...

The energy-growth literature contains a large number of discussions on the causal relationship between energy consumption and economic growth. The central debate focuses on whether energy consumption contributes or not to economic growth since it has direct implications for the formulation of...

Neo-liberal globalization has accelerated the space of economic integration in Asia, particularly between the rising superpowers of China and India and other Asian nations. In this connection, this paper examines the degree of economic integration between Malaysia and the rapidly developing...