This paper proposes a new framework to reduce the variance and uncertainty in the risk assessment process. Today, this process is susceptible to background noise from sources of human factor biases and erroneous measurements. Our new framework consists of deconstructing the likelihood of failure...

Secondary markets have adopted a number of quality signaling mechanisms such as certification to reduce information asymmetries between buyers and sellers in these markets. However the importance and value of these signals depends on the nature and extent of information asymmetries. With the...