We propose a new valuation principle for possibly non-traded assets based on an implicit definition of a benchmark. The valuation principle allows taking (default and shortfall) risk constraints explicitly into account. The resulting risk-adjusted value functional is monotonic, positively...

This article tries to explain the influence of privatization on the decision making process, especially in terms of investments through the corporate governance theory. In this perspective we suggest a conceptual framework based on the analysis of disciplinary mechanisms and their dynamic as a...