Instrumental variable (IV) methods are commonly used in accounting research (e.g., earnings management, corporate governance, executive compensation, and disclosure research) when the regressor variables are endogenous. While IV estimation is the standard textbook solution to mitigating...

This paper considers the use of instrumental variables to estimate the mean effect of treatment on the treated, the mean effect of treatment on randomly selected persons and the local average treatment effect. It examines what economic questions these parameters address. When responses to...

Alonso's Theory of Movements is a widely applicable Spatial Interaction Model, describing an equilibrium of inflows and outflows. Based on a survey of estimation attempts in the past, we conclude that econometric estimation of the so-called systemic parameters is somewhat problematic. In this...