This paper examines the structural determinants of real exchange rates, emphasizing the persistent low-frequency movements that traditional models, such as Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) and Uncovered Interest Parity (UIP), often fail to capture. To address this, we propose a structural VAR model...

A central assumption for identifying structural shocks in vector autoregressive (VAR) models via heteroskedasticity is the time-invariance of the impact effects of the shocks. It is shown how that assumption can be tested when longrun restrictions are available for identifying structural shocks....