Preferences and beliefs about different age groups shape social, political, and economic outcomes. This paper provides strong evidence of "youngism", which refers to systematic bias in social preferences and unfavorable stereotypes against young adults. Among nationally representative samples...

Cost-benefit analysis and social welfare functions are two closely related methods to evaluate impacts of policies on humans (producers, consumers etc.) and animals. In cost-benefit analysis, the impacts on animals are currently either disclosed as intangible impacts or monetised from the human...