This paper studies the variation across countries in mortality rates due to COVID-19. A two-stage approach is used to model international data on the spread of COVID-19. The first stage applies a convergence club framework to identify clusters of countries within which the development of the...

Background Biosimilars are biologic drugs that have the potential to increase the efficiency of healthcare spend‑ ing and curb drug‑related cost increases. However, their introduction into hospital formularies through initiatives such as non‑medical switching must be carefully orchestrated...

Objective: This study aimed to apply the previously validated severity index for rheumatoid arthritis (SIFRA) to prevalent rheumatoid arthritis (RA) groups in Turkey and determine the effect of RA severity on health care costs and biologic use. Methods: This retrospective study used the Turkish...