international trade flows, because it permits a better accounting for zero flows and extreme values in the distribution tail … been developed for cases in which many zero flows are present. This paper contributes to the literature in two ways. First …

international trade flows, because it permits a better accounting for zero flows and extreme values in the distribution tail … been developed for cases in which many zero flows are present. This paper contributes to the literature in two ways. First …

international trade flows, as it permits a better accounting for large numbers of zero flows. Nevertheless, as trade flows are not …

international trade flows, as it permits a better accounting for large numbers of zero flows. Nevertheless, as trade flows are not …

parameters of these previous studies. Secondly, there is significant proportion of zero flows in developing countries’ trade … measurement; however, these studies fail in dealing with them properly. The zero flows are more endemic when one considers only … African bilateral trade, which has over 50% zero flows. In an attempt to correct this anomaly, previous studies rely on the …

approaches suggested to deal with zero flows. Apart from the option to omit the zero flows from the sample, various extensions of … Tobit estimation, truncated regression, probit regression and substitutions for zero flows have been suggested. We argue … the end, the results surprisingly suggest that the simplest solution, to omit zero flows from the sample, often leads to …

approaches suggested to deal with zero flows. Apart from the option to omit the zero flows from the sample, various extensions of … Tobit estimation, truncated regression, probit regression and substitutions for zero flows have been suggested. We argue … the end, the results surprisingly suggest that the simplest solution, to omit zero flows from the sample, often leads to …

approaches suggested to deal with zero flows. Apart from the option to omit the zero flows from the sample, various extensions of … Tobit estimation, truncated regression, probit regression and substitutions for zero flows have been suggested. We argue … the end, the results surprisingly suggest that the simplest solution, to omit zero flows from the sample, often leads to …