This report outlines the threat of pharmaceutical crime in the EU and beyond, as assessed by Europol. It aims to raise awareness of the ways criminal networks exploit consumers and industry in generating illegal revenue through producing and selling counterfeit medicines.

Violence is often viewed as an intrinsic feature of illicit markets, driven by competition, disputes, and predation. We argue that the connection between violence and markets is not exclusive to illicit markets and that in the absence of strong institutions these factors exist ubiquitously....

After the end of the COVID-19 pandemic, Germany experienced an increase in police-recorded child and juvenile delinquency that attracted considerable public attention. Given the limitations of official crime statistics, the parliament of the state of North Rhine-Westfalia asked the state...

This study investigates the rise of social inequalities in oil-producing communities in Nigeria's Niger Delta, identifying factors that contribute to socioeconomic disparities. Over the last two decades, these communities have endured environmental degradation, youth violence, militancy, and...

It is well-known that failing to achieve key organizational goals may pressure managers to commit fraud, but can it be a facilitating factor in cartel formation as well? The purpose of this study is to understand if firms known to have been in a cartel were under financial stress in the period...

Purpose The paper aims to investigate the effect of GDP growth on crime and to test the hypothesis of nonlinearity. Additionally, we estimate the interaction between GDP and income inequality and examine its impact on the relationship between GDP and homicide rates. Design/methodology/approach...