Liang, Xingyuan; Zhou, Fujian; Liang, Tianbo; Huang, Yixiao - In: Energy reports 6 (2020), pp. 879-884
Sand and ceramic proppant are the most commonly used materials to keep fractures open during hydraulic fracturing. Ceramic proppant has higher hardness and sphericity than sand, but it is much more expensive. To reduce the cost, sands are pumped at the beginning to replace a portion of ceramic...