Tagawa, Hoshi; Kawasaki, Tomoya; Hanaoka, Shinya - In: The Asian Journal of Shipping and Logistics 37 (2021) 2, pp. 192-203
Hub-and-spoke (HS) networks are cost-effective because they allow the realization of economies of density. However, the cost of point-to-point (PP) networks may be lower than that of HS networks when certain conditions, such as cargo demand, bunker price, vessel size, and the shippers’ value...