What a Waste 3.0 is the third edition of the World Bank Group’s What a Waste series, following the 2012 and 2018 publications. It updates and expands these earlier publications and provides a global reference dataset on municipal solid waste in the context of a transition toward circularity,...

Background: The increasing volume of waste and stricter environmental regulations necessitate efficient waste transportation. Optimizing the specialized vehicle fleet remains a challenge due to fragmented decision-making approaches. Methods: This study develops a Decision Support System (DSS)...

Large volumes of e-waste collected under formal schemes in high-income countries are still processed informally in developing ones, despite continuous policy efforts to reverse this trend. This paper shows that the persistence of informal e-waste processing is a consequence of how global waste...

Amid increasing urbanisation, environmental degradation, and resource constraints, effective waste management is essential for advancing sustainable development and transitioning toward a circular economy across OECD countries. Recognising this imperative, the study investigates the...